Invisible materials are in the way of inventions.

Researchers in University of Cambridge are developing a new method using light to build a material which is realm of science fiction films.They are trying to develop a invisible material which can lead to the discovery of cloaking devices and cloaking cloths as well.Yes the same cloth that Harry Potter once wear in the fiction movie can now be seen in the real world.The technique is using light like a thread particle to produce long chains of molecules which can possibly bring the concept of sci-fi things like cloaking cloths and devices into reality.


So you may be wondering that how these could be possible as the basic properties of light is completely differing the theory.As of now what we know about light is that light when falls on a surface of a materials it is either reflected or absorbed which indeed enable us to see objects.So,this is the basic principle in which light theory is based on.But now by engineering materials kept at nano-scale level it is possible to produce meta-materials which are nothing but materials which has the capability to control the way in which light interacts with them.Light falling on meta materials generally reflects in a wrong way thus rendering the object invisible or making them appearing something else.

The Cambridge team is using the the technique by using unfocused laser light and stitching gold nano particles into thousands of long strings into the water for the first time.These layers then can be stacked into layers on top of the others simi8lar to that of the structure of Lego bricks.the method makes it possible to produce materials in higher quantities as compare to the techniques used currently.In order to make the strings the scientist have used a barrel-shaped molecules called cucurbiturils(CBs).The CBs acts as a miniature spacers which can bind the nano-particles quite tightly and helps to lock them strongly.Now what is challenging the scientist is that how the nano-particles can be connected electrically.Conventional welding techniques can be ineffective as they will melt most of the nano-particles.So the only method remains is building a bridge between the nano-particles.But the concept of these theory into practical application is quite challenging so the researcher is still working on it.



This technology to become reality is still a long road as first Scientists needs to precisely determine how to make the perfect meta-materials in the nano-scale level.But its possible soon enough because using light its quite possible to make this type of nano-constructions.I hope this Technology can indeed one day surprises the whole world and most important of all-change the world in a new way with better physical application

                                                                                                                               Anuttam Chatterjee

New device can save people suffering from memory losses!

Soon a device will be made which can help to restore your memory.Yes,you heard me right.DARPA(Defense Advance Research Project) have awarded a sum of 2.5 million dollar to Lawrence Livermore National Laborartory(LLNL) to make this implantable device which will have the ability to record and stimulate the neurons within the brain to help restore memory.The news have been recently announced.
The research will build up upon the theory that Memory is a process in which the neuron transmits or encodes signals at a particular regions of the brain,where it also store the information and retrieve it aswell.
But there are certain types of disease like Traumatic Brain Injury(TBI) or Alzheimer's Disease which generally disrupt this process and hence results in a memory loss.

What is this Device?
So,What (LLNL) researchers will do is that they will create this neural device which can uses real time recording and close-loop stimulation of neural tissues to bridge gaps in the injured brain and restores one individuals capability to access the old memories or to create one new memory.But for these the researcher first have to develop a new electronic system which can be named as neuromodulation system whose prime objective would be to find those areas of the brain which is linked with the memory so that they can find the information that where the new memories are formed.

How the Device will work?
The neural device that they are basically planning to develop is a miniature,wireless and chronically implantable one which will incorporate both single neuron and local field potential recording into a close loops system to implant into the TBI patient's brain.Generally the device will be implanted into the entorhinal cortex and the hippocampus part of the brain as because this two regions of the brain generally associates with memories.After the device is implanted it will allow to stimulate neural signal from the 64 channels of located on a pair of high density electrode arrays.

This arrays will be connected to the implantable electronic package capable of wireless data and power telemetry.An external device worn out of the ear will retrieve the digital signals associated with the memory storage and provide power telemetry to implantable package using a custom R-F coil system.The device's electrodes will be integrated with advance LLNL's integration and 3-D packaging technologies.While the micro-electrodes which will be the heart of this device will be embedded  in a bio-compatible flexible
polymer.

Will the project be a success? 
Well, the researchers have taken this project from DARPA as a challenge and no doubt that they have enough potential to make this device a reality as previously they have lots of experience in making this type of micro-devices and their work on Restoring Active Memory programme has been so far a brilliant run of success.LLNL also supports President Obama's Brain Research Organization through advance neural technologies.So,hope this project becomes a success and become a good news for those people who are suffering from Memory loss diseases.

                                                                                                                                  Anuttam Chatterjee

Mathematics will make internet Five times faster than today!

Today i will share you the information that how a mathematical equation can make the internet communication via any electronic device be it mobile,laptop or even satellite many times faster and secure than today.The results which Aalborg University in collaboration with MIT and Caltech has achieved is phenomenal and getting attraction from the whole international technological media.The experimentation was conducted by taking the example of a random 4-minute video which by this method was downloaded five times faster and was run without any buffering compared to the old systematical way where it had buffered for 13 times when it was streamed online.So,you can make the difference that how fast it was and what could possibly it advantageous point.

This experiment has the potential to change the outcome of the future internet market.As using these mathematical equation the researcher will able to improve their own network coding traffic and the equipment manufactures experience speed would be increased by five to ten times.And this technology's most beneficial factor would be that it will speed up the internet for the whole world(each and every human) be it in mobile connections,computer connections and even the satellite connections.

How this mathematical equation is being used and what is the original method?
In the current method what happens is that the internet communication formats data into packets.Error controls ensures that signal arrives in original form but it often means that sending some of the packets several times which eventually slows down the net.Instead of sending these packets US Researchers are implementing a mathematical equation which is nothing but a special kind of network coding method that uses clever mathematics to store and send the signal in a different way.The advantage of this method is that the error which occurs along the way do not require the packets to be sent again instead the upstream and the downstream data is used to reconstruct what is missing using the given mathematical equations and solving it then and there only.

Looking at the advantageous points of the technology its no doubt that it would be integrated soon enough in the market but there are still some problems which can stop the development and implementation of this method and that are patents.US Researchers who have founded these method have also founded a software company called Steinwurf.The problem is that previously individual companies had a solid grip in patents for coding but now its a different ear.Perhaps the team has said that they also have a aim to launch this project so that it can be accessible to all as much as possible.Among other plannings they are also aiming to conduct training courses on the usage of these technology.Well,i hope they do release this technology which will really change the fate of the future internet and make it faster than ever.

                                                                                                                                  Anuttam Chatterjee

Electromagnetic Principle is used to run World's Fastest trains!

Airways are no doubt the fastest way of transportation in this century and the safest too.
Compare to Airways-buses,trains,cars and motorbikes are too slow and comparatively dangerous too.But one way of transporting is developing too fast nowadays and that what we called Bullet trains in Japan and TVG in Germany.This train can also be named as Maglev train as it generally runs on the property of electromagnetic levitation and so the name "Maglev".Maglev trains have enough potential to revolutionized the transportation of 21st century like what Aeroplanes did it in the 20th century.So,in this article i will say how this Bullet or Maglev trains generally runs.

Maglev trains if very simply put into words can be said runs with the help of powerful electromagnets.This type of trains generally uses the property of electromagnetic suspensions which means that this train will float over the guideway using the general principle of magnets to replace the old steel wheel and track trains.The basic difference between a Maglev train and a Normal train is that Maglev trains do not have any engine at-least the type of engine used by Normal track trains to pull the typical train cars along the tracks.The engine that is generally used in Maglev train is inconspicuous as instead of using fossil fuels it is run on the basis of magnetic field created by the electric field by the guide walls and the track combine to propel the train.

Working:
The magnetized coils running along the wall are generally termed as Guideway which repels the large magnets on the trains undercarriage thus allowing it to levitate it between 0.39 to 3.93 inches above the guide wall so that once the train is levitated power is supplied to the guideways which creates a unique system of magnetic fields which pull and push the train along the whole long guidewalls.The electric current supplied to the guide walls continuously changes its polarity in magnetized coils due to which the magnetic field in front of the train is helping the train to pull the train forward while the magnetic field placed at the back of the train is helping the add more thrust to the front of the train.

The Maglev trains generally float over a cushion of air thus eliminating any kind of friction.Since there is no friction these trains a can reach an unprecedented ground transportation speed of 310-320 mph. An Boeing-777 runs at a speed of 562 mph so you can imagine why we are comparing Maglev Trains with Aeroplanes.At this speed it is seemed that you can travel from Paris to Rome within a time span of just two hours.

Differences between German and Japan Maglev trains:
Although both of the countries are using the same principle but the principle in running the trains have some distinct differences.In Germany they are using these Electromagnetic suspension Theory(EMS) while in Japan they are using the Electrodynamics suspension principle (EDS).The basic difference is that Japan engineers are using super-cooled superconducting electromagnets which can run even if the power supply is switched off.While in the other case the German engineers have developed a system called trans-rapid system which will run only if the power supply is switched on-otherwise not.If compared japan is using a better technology by chilling the coils at frigid temperature to make it cryogenic system.

Although the expenses of building an Maglev train is too much but once build it is very cheaper and energy saving.India has currently planned to implement the Japanese technology to implement Maglev train in Indian railways though nothing can be said off as now.But if its build then it would be great technological advancement for the both the country and the world.

                                                                                                                                 Anuttam Chatterjee

After 24 years "History repeats itself for Germany"

And at-last they did it.Germany won the World cup 2014 after 24 years and they did it in quite a similar fashion as what Spain did back in 2010 WC.There was no doubt that after their performance against Brasil in the semi-final they were the favorite one to win this competition but still it was not as easy for them as they might have thought to be.Argentina gave everything in the match-nobody could deny the fact that they were better amongst the two teams but then again Football matches depends on goals and Germany found one in the late minute of the game.The match started with a great enthusiasm and the whole stadium was supporting Argentina including Brazilian's also as they wanted eagerly their neighbor to win against the team which tormented them in the semi-finals.

Within the starting few minutes Argentina were full attacking with many shots on the goal but Neuer saved it all. Neuer was very jubilant yesterday in the match and why he shouldn't be after-all he was playing WC final.The stadium shouted till their last pitch volume when Higuain scored a goal from lavezzi's pass but unfortunately it was a offside which eliminated the goal.After that Germany also created many chances but none was converted. Messi was playing at his best but it was hard for him to invade the German defense.

No goals were scored till the 90 minutes and this has been going on from the past 3 WC's that the match has went to the extra time to decide its faith.And so it has been decided these year as well when substitute Mario Gotze has scored the goal in the late 113 minutes which gave his team the world cup 2014.The goal silenced the whole stadium and the dreams of thousands of Argentinians went to thrash within a matter of seconds.

Anyways in football nothing is predictable and Germany deserved to win this world cup from the very beginning of it when started this ornament by beating Portugal 4-0 in the group stages.It was like Germany was destined to win these years world cup and no doubt they have achieved their dream.This match would have specifically disappointed players like Messi and Higuain who must have been feeling guilty of missing those golden chances in the match which could have very easily given them the world cup but they haven't taken those chances properly.Lots of expectation were there for Messi who if Argentina would have won the world cup could have been compared with idols like Maradona who have captained Argentina to win 1986 world cup.

None the less Germany lifted the most prestigious trophy in the world.For Manuel Neuer it was like double silverware as along with the World cup he also won the golden glove award.Golden boot award went to  promising Colombian youngster Rodriguez for scoring six brilliant goals in the tournament.While Golden boot award went to none other than the world's best player Lionel Messi whose performance in this world cup was best at par. Whatever happened in this world would now be a sweet memory for all of the German fans but one thing will remain as a fact that may be Germany have won the world cup but after Argentina's performance in the world cup they have surely won many people's heart.

                                                                                                                                Anuttam Chatterjee

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Print yourself a 3-D Model of a Nebula-Thanks to NASA!

Well for Astrophysicists and Astronomers its quite a disappointment that they cannot get hold of the things that they discover.But now things have changed and like Zoologists and Geologists Astronomers can also get a glimpse at what they are creating and can actually hold them.Thanks to Astrophysicist Wolfgang Steffen from National Autonomous University of Mexico who with the help of NASA created a 3-D printed model of  Homunculus Nebula.He used a software called"Shape" to make this possible.

This giant cloud of light, gas and dust was discovered in the mid 1800 when binary star system called Eta Carinae located about 7500 light years away erupted.Due to its eruption it had spewed a massive amount of solar material into the universe due to which it was ranked as the 2nd most brightest start at that time.In this System one of the star hold up-to to 90 suns and can produce as much as 5 million times more energy as compared to sun while the other generally the smaller one in size could be 30 times the mass of our sun and can be million times brighter..Through the help of X-Shooter Spectrography the astronomers had to experiment around 92 slices of the system whereas before this experiment the researcher had an idea about of 5 slices only.So this was a big achievement for them.

The experiment were carried forward to find the answer of a question that whether Homunculus contain any imprint of the stars binary nature.Since previous report suggest that both the lobes were identical and symmetrical along their longer axis.But new studies shows that the collision between Eta Carinae's stars helps to mold Homunculus. It also shown that that the holes located at the end of each lobes and the absence of any molecular hydrogen emission from dust skirt visible at light near the center of the nebula.So researchers were able to prove that if the two stars of  Eta Carinae are collided then they do will have an effect of formation of the Nebula in which they are contained.

The experiment was an exciting thing not only for the scientist and astronomers but to the normal public and students as well - provided that they have a 3-D printer.Well let me tell you if you are a owner of a 3D printer then you can hold the homunculus by printing out the high resolution 3D model of the cloud-gas formation and you can also watch the collision happening and what after the collision? in front of your own eyes.All you need to do is  follow the steps given by NASA .Follow the link to download the zip file.
 http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a011500/a011568/Eta_Car_Homunuculus_3D_model.zip

                                                                                                                               Anuttam Chatterjee

Brazil tasted its worst defeat while Argentina made it to the finals!

Embarrassed,Humbled,Crushed,battered,destroyed,however you want you can put it but Brasil were thoroughly humiliated by the Germans on the first semi-finals of Fifa World cup 2014.Brasil 1-7 Germany.Well,the scoreline says enough that who was the superior among these two juggernauts of these century.It was like the match between David and Goliath but it was David who took the challenge of defeating the opponent.The way Germany played versus Brasil was magnificent and spectacular.They gave everything and showed that what they are and they have shown that on the opponents ground and that too on these big occasion.This match will go down in the history of Brazilian football history as the biggest ever defeat after 1950 and it will also end Brasil's home-run winning streak.

Brasil very badly wanted to win these match as first of all they were playing in their home in front of their own fans plus they were the five times champions but i hope they could never believe that the match could end with a result of something like these.Nobody could ever believe that team like Brasil can loose with this kind of goal line margin.On the other hand Germany's performance could never be so better.Thomas mueller,Kroos,Schrrule,Khedira and none other than Mirolsav Klose who made a record by scoring most goals ever in the FIFA world cup history.All of their performance was best at par.The whole German team contributed to these historical match and they took the revenge of that 2002's 2-0 world cup final defeat in the hands of Brasil.

While on the other semi-final match it was Argentina who went to beat Netherlands on penalties to reach the finals.It was a rainy day at Bello Horizonto and after Brasil's traumatic 7-1 loss to Germany it was all down to Argentina to save some of the South American football in these world cup and quite frankly they haven't disappointed us at the end of the day.The match started well with each team having good percentage of the possession of the ball but no result came out within 120 minutes of the game.It went only to penalty shootout
to decide the match and it was Argentina who got the silver medal at the end of a very tiring day.

Both team were tactical and cautious relying on crisps midfield playing and tactical defense with very less chance to shoot at the goal.The so called game-changers struggled to make even the slightest of chances. Messi was a threat for Netherlands but he couldn't show his level best for the whole match until at the end where he scored a penalty,same goes for Robben and Van Persie.Argentina's coach Sabella said "I am very happy that we did make it to the very end but from here we have nothing to return for.I have respect for both the team and i hope the better team will grasps the world cup 2014."So,friends lets see what happens at the grand ceremony in Maracana where probably the greatest ever teams will meet in the final none other than the match we all eagerly waited for "Germany vs Argentina".

                                                                                                                                  Anuttam Chatterjee

Germany won 1-0 on a epic clash against France

Brazil 2014 world cup has been so far based on neurotic defense and liberated attacking football but at some times it has bored us as well.Exactly the same thing happened yesterday when Germany faced France.Germany made a record yesterday to be the one team who successively qualified for world cup semi-finals for four times continuously though they haven't won in any of this world cup.This is not that lavishly exciting German team and they also haven't shown that ruthless attitude of scoring goals as we all would have expected.While France was full of new and young(mostly inexperience players) and was comparatively weak in front of Germany.

Yesterday around thousands of fans were present in the famous Maracana stadium to watch this epic clash between the two giants of central European countries-Germany facing France.From the very beginning of the match Germany dominated the game.With their passing ability Germany had managed to kept the ball possession very high which also resulted to the header of mats Hummels in the 12th minute which was the first and the only goal of the match.Though Germany were keeping more possession but it didn't stop France to show their counter-attacking ability as Benzema had been able to show his talent in front of the goal but Neuer yesterday was absolutely brilliant..Through the whole match France had very little attacking position and when they did have any real chance it was Bayern Munich's Manuel Neuer who had stopped them.

Although the game didn't showed any type of ebullient mood but it did showcased the fact that this Germany team have that potential to be the very best at the world.However German coach Jaochim Low said that "South American teams are at an advantage as they are comfortable with the climate and knows how to play on this turf".No,doubt what he was intending to say and to whom he specifically indicated those words to?Of course it was Brazil whom they will face on the semi-finals.His words also brought some speculations that whether he is a little bit nervous but then again nothing can be said right now.

On the other half-disappointing manager Deschamps said that his team was unlucky as because they had created a lot of chances but due to lack of experience players and good German defense they were unable to convert those few little chances they created.France clearly had a motive for these years world cup with 8 goals in their first two opening matches but then somewhere in the middle they failed to keep up with the heat in Brazil.Anyways Germany will face the homeboys i.e Brasil in the semi-finals which would a very tough match for the central European
team

                                                                                                                         Anuttam Chatterjee